When urbanization leads to governance beyond the state: network of actors along an urbanization gradient in Bengaluru, India

Lakshmisha, Arvind and Nagendra, Harini (2025) When urbanization leads to governance beyond the state: network of actors along an urbanization gradient in Bengaluru, India. International Journal of the Commons, 19 (1). pp. 67-82. ISSN 1875-0281

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Abstract

The rapid growth and expansion of cities in the global South has altered the values, perceptions, actor groups and thus dominant institutional and governance structures influencing management and access of local common pool resources. In this paper, we explore how urban transformation and changes in governance have influenced interactions of actors involved in commons (lake) management, with selected cases along an rural-urban gradient in the Greater Bengaluru Metropolitan Region (GBMR). We map the actors, actively and directly involved in lake management, and the interactions between them along an interconnected series of lakes, to identify five broad types of interactions: cooperation, conflict, competition, resistance and passive acceptance. Visualising the network of actors along the gradient, we highlight that the actor networks are fragmented based on municipal boundaries. We find that there is an increase in the non-state actors as we move along the rural-urban gradient highlighting diverse forms of polycentric governance arrangement with urbanisation. We find passive acceptance and resistance as predominant forms of interactions in rural areas and cooperation in urban areas. We find that with an increase in non-state actors there has been a shift from a state of dependence to a state of engagement between communities and the state actors leading to governance beyond the state.

Item Type:	Article
Authors:	Lakshmisha, Arvind and Nagendra, Harini
Document Language:	Language English
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Rural‑urban, urban transformation, Cooperation, Passive Acceptance, Commons governance
Subjects:	Social sciences Social sciences > Sociology & anthropology > Communities Social sciences > Sociology & anthropology > Communities > Planning and development
Divisions:	Azim Premji University - Bengaluru > School of Climate Change and Sustainability
Full Text Status:	Public
URI:	http://publications.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/id/eprint/6879
Publisher URL:	https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1369

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