Social inclusion in India: history, shifts and contemporary jurisprudence

Namala, Annie and Anand, Aditi (2026) Social inclusion in India: history, shifts and contemporary jurisprudence. In: Realising right: a handbook of welfare in India. Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, pp. 52-73.

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Abstract

Evidence on human development outcomes suggests that structural inequities based on social identity persist. The caste system forms the basis of social and economic inequalities and normalises discrimination against the marginalised in India. Meanwhile, social exclusion based on other identities is also pervasive. The Constitution of India includes several provisions towards substantive equality as well as for preventive, promotive and participatory measures for ensuring inclusion. However, implementation has consistently fallen short of intent. Recent changes in the orientation of welfare policies such as reductions in budgets and increased privatisation dilute constitutional promises. Varied experiences and needs of marginalised communities must be recognised, with the allocation of adequate government resources to address inequalities, not out of largesse but as a fulfilment of the State’s constitutional obligation towards social justice.

Item Type:	Book Section
Authors:	Namala, Annie and Anand, Aditi
Document Language:	Language English
Subjects:	Social sciences > Sociology & anthropology Social sciences > Law
Divisions:	Azim Premji University - Bengaluru > University Publications > Centre for the Study of the Indian Economy (CSIE)
Full Text Status:	Public
URI:	http://publications.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/id/eprint/7630
Publisher URL:	https://azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/

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