The temporal trajectory and spatial variability of conservation and management of primates in India

Anand, Shaurabh (2025) The temporal trajectory and spatial variability of conservation and management of primates in India. International Journal of Primatology, 46 (6). pp. 1291-1320. ISSN 0164-0291

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Abstract

The ecological and behavioural profiles of primates influence their conservation needs and interactions with humans. Across their geographical ranges, primate species face varying degrees of conservation threats and experience different levels of conflict with humans. Simultaneously, many human communities in primate-range countries, particularly in Southeast Asia, have strong religious and cultural associations with many primate species. Evolving conservation threats, existing religious and cultural associations, and the increasing intensity of human-primate conflict make the practice of primate conservation and management a challenging task. Long-term human-primate coexistence requires an understanding of the evolving nature of conservation and management. This review traces the temporal trajectory and spatial variability of the conservation and management of primates in India. I use four different themes, i.e., monkey as an icon, monkey as an object, monkey as a mascot, and monkey as a nuisance, to build the temporal analysis. Then, I focus on spatial variability in conservation and management using the measures of primate diversity and threats. Using a combined measure of threat and diversity, the analysis showed that the country can be divided into four regions—low diversity, low threat (11 regions); high diversity, high threat (9 regions); low diversity, high threat (9 regions); and high diversity, low threat (6 regions). The high spatial variability calls for implementation of diverse context-specific measures, suited for different geographies, such as habitat conservation, collaborative habitat management with communities, management of human-primate conflict, and stability in governance structure. The long-term conservation and management of primates in India depend on deep understanding of both historical legacies and contemporary realities.

Item Type:	Article
Authors:	Anand, Shaurabh
Document Language:	Language English
Subjects:	Natural Sciences > Life sciences; biology Natural Sciences > Life sciences; biology > Ecology
Divisions:	Azim Premji University - Bengaluru > School of Development
Full Text Status:	None
URI:	http://publications.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/id/eprint/6884
Publisher URL:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-025-00517-y

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